Table 2 Results of subgroup analyses and accuracy of leucocyte-esterase in urine dipsticks in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections or bacteriuria. (subgroups of studies without information about the study characteristic at issue are not shown) (no. of studies: 35)
From: The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy
| Study characteristic | N | Sensitivity(95%CI) | Specificity(95%CI) | DOR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POPULATION# | ||||
| non-urological | 33 | 0.62 (0.54–0.71) | 0.70 (0.60–0.81) | 9 (6 – 12) |
| urological | 2 | 0.86 (0.68–1.00) | 0.93 (0.81–1.00) | 276 (2 – 41974) |
| NON-UROLOGICAL STUDIES (N = 33) | ||||
| DISEASE# | ||||
| bacteriuria | 8 | 0.56 (0.38–0.82) | 0.61 (0.41–0.90) | 5 (5 – 8) |
| UTI | 25 | 0.64 (0.56–0.74) | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | 11 (6 – 19) |
| SETTING | ||||
| family physician | 6 | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 0.36 (0.21–0.64) | 5 (2 – 28) |
| outpatient | 12 | 0.50 (0.35–0.68) | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | 8 (5 – 12) |
| emergency | 3 | 0.56 90.41–0.75) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 14 (2 – 119) |
| inpatient | 11 | 0.66 (0.60–0.73) | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | 11 (8 – 16) |
| LEVEL OF CARE | ||||
| community | 1 | 0.63 (0.08–1.00) | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 9 (1 – 72) |
| primary care | 10 | 0.76 (0.60–0.98) | 0.46 (0.32–0.68) | 6 (3 – 11) |
| secondary care | 8 | 0.48 (0.33–0.71) | 0.83 (0.73–0.93) | 8 (4 – 14) |
| tertiary care | 14 | 0.62 (0.55–0.70) | 0.84 (0.80–0.89) | 13 (8 – 20) |
| READER OF TEST | ||||
| family physician | 2 | 0.86 (0.71–1.00) | 0.17 (0.04–0.62) | 2 (0.3 – 10) |
| nurse | 7 | 0.67 (0.58–0.79) | 0.65 (0.37–1.00) | 7 (4 – 10) |
| clinician | 2 | 0.34 (0.18–0.64) | 0.90 (0.68–1.00) | 7 (0.5 – 87) |
| lab worker | 17 | 0.59 (0.47–0.73) | 0.81 (0.76–0.87) | 11 (7 – 18) |