Table 4 Post-test probabilities (predictive values) of dipstick nitrites, leucyte-esterase and combinations of both tests in population sub-groups and different settings, based on pooled sensitivities, pooled specificities and pooled pre-test probabilities (prevalences).
From: The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy
| Post-test probability (predictive value) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test Probability (prevalence) | Nitrites | Leucocyte-esterase | One or both positive | Both positive | |
| Population | |||||
| General population | .15 | ||||
| - Test + | .33 | .27 | .31 | .89 | |
| - Test - | .90 | .91 | .94 | .91 | |
| Children | .20 | ||||
| - Test + | .61 | .34 | .58 | .66 | |
| - Test - | .88 | .88 | .95 | .87 | |
| Pregnant women | .06 | ||||
| - Test + | .55 | .10 | .58 | (.99) | |
| - Test - | .97 | .97 | .95 | (.96) | |
| Elderly | .30 | ||||
| - Test + | .88 | .47 | .55 | (.90) | |
| - Test - | .89 | .81 | .90 | (.86) | |
| Surgery | .15 | ||||
| - Test + | .70 | .27 | .51 | (.38) | |
| - Test - | .92 | .91 | .97 | (.94) | |
| Urology | .15 | ||||
| - Test + | .78 | .68 | .54 | ||
| - Test - | .93 | .97 | .98 | ||
| Setting | |||||
| Family physician | .55 | ||||
| - Test + | .84 | .62 | .76 | ||
| - Test - | .61 | .69 | .84 | ||
| Outpatient | .10 | ||||
| - Test + | .56 | .22 | .32 | ||
| - Test - | .94 | .94 | .97 | ||
| Inpatient | .15 | ||||
| - Test + | .41 | .38 | .38 | ||
| - Test - | .92 | .93 | .95 | ||
| Emergency | .15 | ||||
| - Test + | .62 | .41 | .41 | ||
| - Test - | .92 | .92 | .98 | ||